Car tuning is both an industry
and a popular hobby, in which a car is modified
in order to improve its performance and handling
and better suit the owner's driving style. As most
cars leave the factory set up for average driver
expectations and average conditions, tuning has
become a way to personalize the characteristics
of the vehicle to the owner's preference. For example
cars may be altered to provide better fuel economy,
produce more power at high RPM or the ride comfort
may be sacrificed to provide better handling.
Car tuning is related to auto racing, although
most performance cars never compete. Rather they
are built for the pleasure of owning and driving
such a vehicle. Another major facet of tuning includes
performance modification to the car exterior. This
includes changing the aerodynamic characteristics
of the vehicle via side skirts, front and rear bumpers,
adding spoilers, splitters, air vents and light
weight wheels.
Engine tuning involves modifications designed
to increase the power of the engine. These modifications
can range from a simple chip tuning, to adding nitrous
injection, to a complete engine swap.
"Tuning an engine" has many different
meanings today. Traditionally, to actually tune
an engine meant adjusting the timing and the air/fuel
ratios. Today, many people consider tuning to be
adding cold air intakes, exhaust systems, turbochargers,
or any other part that could conceivably produce
more power. It is important to note that the two
different meanings behind the word "tuning"
refer to two completely different methods of making
a car faster.
Adjusting engine timing and air-fuel ratios generally
improves the power and reliability of an engine
without any further modifications. On the other
hand, performance tuning an engine becomes increasingly
beneficial after already modifying the engine with
upgrades like a low restriction intake, forced induction,
nitrous, exhaust headers, larger exhaust pipes,
etc.
Adding parts to increase horsepower and torque
is mechanical performance tuning while modifying
the interior and exterior is aesthetic tuning.
Suspension
tuning
Suspension tuning involves modifying the springs,
shock absorbers, swaybars, and other related components
of a vehicle. Shorter springs offer an improved
lowered look and a lower center of gravity. The
stiffer shock absorbers improve the dynamic weight
shifting during high speed cornering. The stiffer
sway bars reduce body roll during cornering improving
a car's high speed turning grip. Other components
that are sometimes added are strut bars. These improve
the body stiffness and better maintains the proper
suspension geometry during high speed cornering.
For offroad vehicles, the emphasis is on lengthening
the suspension travel and larger tires to increase
ground clearance.
Lowriders with hydraulic/pneumatic suspensions
are another unique kind of suspension tuning.
Body tuning
Body tuning involves adding or modifying spoilers
and a body kit. Sometimes this is done to improve
the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle, as in
the case of some wings or bumper canards. More often,
these modifications are done mainly to improve a
vehicle's appearance, as in the case of non-functioning
scoops, wide arches and the like. Very rarely does
an after market body kit improve performance, the
majority add weight and make the car handle worse.
Another common body modification is called "shaving".
This involves removing door handles, removing bumpers,
removing emblems, chrome trim pieces, and key locks.
The reason for this is to make the appearance of
the car look smoother and cleaner with less disruptions
on the body lines. The doors and trunk are alternately
opened with keyless remote.
Another popular body modification is to alter the
way that the doors open. One method is called "Lamborghini
Doors" or "Lambo doors" and the other
is called "Suicide Doors". Lambo doors
open outwards a bit and then swing upwards. Suicide
doors open on the front side of the car instead
of the back like a normal car. Most of these modifications
are done with aftermarket kits that are available.
Sometimes the hood and trunk are also modified to
open differently.
Wikipedia
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